Featured image: Heading to Europe? Learn about the upcoming ETIAS visa might affect you | Photo by seventyfourimages on Envato

Understanding the ETIAS, EES and the Schengen Zone

by Leyla Alyanak

Visiting Europe has often been a rite of passage, made easier by borderless travel, rail passes, and a 90-day unquestioned permission to stay. Only 90 days? For some, that was simply not enough, so visitors became creative, finding loopholes that allowed them to overstay.

Two new electronic surveillance schemes will make sure everyone leaves the EU on time, and that they have the right paperwork to boot. The first of these is the EES, or Entry/Exit System and the second is the European Travel Information and Authorization System (or ETIAS).

The Entry/Exit System, or EES

The first of these is the EES, or Entry/Exit System. The colourful passport stamps we’ve grown to love and collect will be replaced by a biometric face scan and fingerprinting. So much for the romance of smudged ink on our passport pages, reminding us of our past adventures…

At first sight, this might not seem like a big deal – similar systems are already in place in many countries. But privacy is a growing concern, as is the increasing electronic oversight of every step we take.

According to the European Commission, the EU’s executive branch, “The system will register the person’s name, type of the travel document, biometric data (fingerprints and captured facial images) and the date and place of entry and exit, in full respect of fundamental rights and data protection.” 

That last sentence sounds fine on paper, but as we know only too well, it’s not about the information but about how it’s used. In fairness, many European governments have been concerned about illegal immigration and about terrorism, so tightening up border controls is probably a logical step.

The European Travel Information and Authorization System or ETIAS

The European Travel Information and Authorization System, known as ETIAS, was scheduled to be implemented in 2024, but the launch has – again – been postponed. The latest date is now set for May 2025. ETIAS is due to start six months after the EES. This is a different beast and will not be collecting any biometric data.

If you’ve ever entered the United States, you’ll be familiar with the ESTA, or the eTA in Canada, or ETA in Australia. The European version is similar – just another little door of freedom closing. 

It won’t be hard to get an ETIAS if you come from a visa-exempt country (in other words, if you don’t need a visa to enter the EU). Once approved online, you’ll be set for three years – or until your passport expires, whichever comes first. At €7 per person, it’s not exactly expensive, and free for those under 18 or over 70. 

While EES will apply to just about every non-European visitor crossing into Europe, ETIAS will only apply to citizens of visa-exempt countries. If you DO need a visa for the EU, that won’t change: you will still need one. It’s incredibly confusing, and even official websites have been known to contradict one another. In the end, we will have to wait until everything is actually in place before judging how the new procedures affect our travels. 

You DON’T need to apply for an ETIAS:

• If you’re a citizen or legal resident of one of the 30 countries
• If you now require a visa to enter these countries (in which case the process doesn’t change – you’ll still require a visa)

While the changes are expected in late 2024, authorities have promised to be flexible. They won’t throw you in prison or deny you entry if you show up without an ETIAS – at least not during the first six months.

• If you are traveling to one of these 30 countries 
• If you don’t at present need a visa to enter these countries
• If you’re not a citizen or permanent resident of one of these 30 countries

What the EES will do is wipe out any hope of an overstay. The computer will know to the minute when we entered, and when we are supposed to leave. And the computer is never wrong, right?

By keeping track of entries and exits electronically, outwitting the system will be as easy as winning a chess game against an app.

And then there’s a second system.

What about Schengen?

Named after a village on the borders of Luxemburg, France and Germany, the Schengen Agreement has allowed visitors to move freely among member countries. Once you’re in, you’re in. But we’ve had to grapple with two lists: the 27 (now 29) Schengen countries, and the 27 members of the European Union. The problem? The lists don’t match, making for even more confusion.

How will ETIAS and Schengen be different?

• Visitors to Europe who have an ETIAS will not need a Schengen visa
• Visitors who aren’t eligible for an ETIAS will need a Schengen visa
• ETIAS will be valid for all countries in the European Union
• A Schengen visa will be valid for all countries in the Schengen area

Either way, the 90-day rule won’t change, but another loophole for overstaying will close.

For years, visa-exempt visitors dissatisfied with the 90-day rule could leave the Schengen area and visit Bulgaria, Cyprus, Ireland or Romania, who were outside Schengen but within the EU. With Bulgaria and Romania joining Schengen on 31 March 2024, and Cyprus pushing for admission, anyone who wants to extend their stay beyond 90 days will have only one option: Ireland. 

A final word on European visas

This increasingly interconnected world may simplify processes for governments and bureaucracies, but individuals often have to pay the price of reduced freedoms and increased confusion.

Not only will crossing into Europe become a little more formal, but the days of collecting passport stamps at the border will be a thing of the past, as will be the ink used to stamp them – not to mention the prospect of bypassing border controls for that extra fortnight on a Mediterranean beach.

Not sure which visa you may need? Click here to explore your options on iVisa.

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